git-everyday¶

安装git¶

首先确保你的电脑上安装了git，你可以去官网下载，然后按照指示安装即可。

在命令行查看版本号确保git安装成功了：

$ git --version
git version 2.39.2 (Apple Git-143)

git工作流¶

最简单的git工作流就是下面的几个操作：

graph LR
    subgraph local
        work((workspace))
        stage((stage))
        repo((repository))
        work--add--->stage--commit--->repo
        stage--restore--->work
        repo--reset--->stage
    end
    subgraph remote
        remoterepo[(repository)]
    end
    remoterepo--pull--->repo
    repo--push--->remoterepo

安装git的时候也会一并安装git的手册，其中包含了一个giteveryday的文档：

$ man giteveryday

<pre style="color:white;">
NAME
       giteveryday - A useful minimum set 
       of commands for Everyday Git

SYNOPSIS
       Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So

DESCRIPTION
       Git users can broadly be grouped into four categories 
       for the purposes of describing here a small set of
       useful command for everyday Git.

       •   Individual Developer (Standalone) commands are essential
           for anybody who makes a commit, even for
           somebody who works alone.

       •   If you work with other people, you will need commands 
           listed in the Individual Developer
           (Participant) section as well.

       •   People who play the Integrator role need to learn some
           more commands in addition to the above.

       •   Repository Administration commands are for system 
           administrators who are responsible for the care and
           feeding of Git repositories.
</pre>

这个手册包含了在git日常使用的几个场景下经常用到的命令：

个人开发 (独立)¶

• git-init to create a new repository.
• git-log to see what happened.
• git-switch and git-branch to switch branches.
• git-add to manage the index file.
• git-diff and git-status to see what you are in the middle of doing.
• git-commit to advance the current branch.
• git-restore to undo changes.
• git-merge to merge between local branches.
• git-rebase to maintain topic branches.
• git-tag to mark a known point.

个人开发 (协作)¶

• git-clone from the upstream to prime your local repository.
• git-pull and git-fetch from "origin" to keep up-to-date with the upstream.
• git-push to shared repository, if you adopt CVS style shared repository workflow.
• git-format-patch to prepare e-mail submission, if you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
• git-send-email to send your e-mail submission without corruption by your MUA.
• git-request-pull to create a summary of changes for your upstream to pull.

集成人¶

• git-am to apply patches e-mailed in from your contributors.
• git-pull to merge from your trusted lieutenants.
• git-format-patch to prepare and send suggested alternative to contributors.
• git-revert to undo botched commits.
• git-push to publish the bleeding edge.

管理员¶

• git-daemon to allow anonymous download from repository.
• git-shell can be used as a restricted login shell for shared central repository users.
• git-http-backend provides a server side implementation of Git-over-HTTP ("Smart http") allowing both fetch and push services.
• gitweb provides a web front-end to Git repositories, which can be set-up using the git-instaweb script.

此外还包含了很多的场景实例，你可以去读一读。

学习git¶

learnGitBranching是一个很好用的在线交互式git学习网站：

git GUI¶

PyCharm、VSCode等代码编辑器一般都集成了Git的功能，你可以使用他们提供的git GUI来操作：